12/7/2023 0 Comments 14. precipitate definition![]() Aging water treatment and distribution systems are particularly susceptible to heavy precipitation events, increasing the vulnerability of the drinking water supply. Heavy precipitation events increase the likelihood of water supply contamination due to the risk of sewer overflows. Mechanisms through which extreme precipitation, both increased and decreased, can contribute to the occurrence of waterborne infections are well documented. Addressing these gaps is of primary importance in order to identify the areas where action is needed to minimize negative impact of climate change on health in the future. We encourage researchers to conduct studies examining potential effect modifiers, such as the specific type of microorganism, geographical region, season, type of water supply, water source or water treatment, in order to assess how they modulate the relationship between heavy rain events or temperature and waterborne disease. This highlights the complex relationship between precipitation or temperature driven transmission and waterborne disease. A number of articles also identified an association between decreased precipitation and infections. Although most of the studies identified a positive association between increased precipitation or temperature and infection, there were several in which this association was not evidenced. Results presented in the different articles were heterogeneous. Four articles used waterborne outbreaks as study units, while the remaining articles used number of cases of waterborne infections. Twenty-four articles were included in this review, predominantly from Asia and North-America. Results were limited to studies published in English between January 2001 and December 2013. ![]() To document the current knowledge on this topic, we performed a literature review of analytical research studies that have combined epidemiological and meteorological data in order to analyze associations between extreme precipitation or temperature and waterborne disease.Ī search of the databases Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS and Web of Science was conducted, using search terms related to waterborne infections and precipitation or temperature. ![]() Determining the role of weather in waterborne infections is a priority public health research issue as climate change is predicted to increase the frequency of extreme precipitation and temperature events.
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